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In 1808, a young Humphry Davy hooked his new battery to a paste of "lime," boiled off the mercury, and—against all expectations—pulled a silvery metal from...
Iron
In 19th-century clinics, pale teenagers were diagnosed with "green sickness," a languor so common it earned its own pills—iron salts that often turned the...
Magnesium
On a summer day in 1618, a farmer in Epsom, England led his cows to a spring. They refused to drink—too bitter. But when he splashed the water on a rash, it...
L-Arginine
In 1998, three scientists walked onstage in Stockholm to celebrate a discovery that sounded like science fiction: a fleeting gas our bodies make—nitric...
L-Glutamine
The same white powder scooped into smoothies by gym-goers is also an FDA-approved prescription that helps people with sickle cell disease avoid hospital...