Evidence map Updated
Focus & memory
Explore clinical evidence across memory, attention, mental speed, and executive function.
83 ingredients · 4 outcomes · 149 trials
Evidence map
Evidence across focus & memory
Benefit Mixed / early No clear benefit Harm Not studied
Focus & memory evidence map Better general memory
| Focus & memory Ingredient | Better general memory | Better attention and focus | Faster thinking speed | Stronger planning and self-control |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetyl L-Carnitine | ||||
| Algal Oil (Schizochytrium) | ||||
| Alpha-GPC | ||||
| American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) | ||||
| Arginine | ||||
| Arginine Alpha Ketoglutarate | ||||
| Arginine aspartate | ||||
| Arginine silicate | ||||
| Arginine silicate inositol | ||||
| Ashwagandha | ||||
| Bacognize | ||||
| BacoMind | ||||
| Bacopa | ||||
| Bacosides | ||||
| BCM-95 | ||||
| Blueberry | ||||
| Caffeine | ||||
| Chinese Club Moss | ||||
| Choline | ||||
| Choline Bitartrate | ||||
| Citicoline | ||||
| Cocoa / Cacao | ||||
| Coffee | ||||
| Creatine | ||||
| Creatine Malate | ||||
| Creatine nitrate | ||||
| Curcumin | ||||
| CurcuWIN | ||||
| DHA | ||||
| EPA | ||||
| Ergothioneine | ||||
| Omega-3 Ethyl Esters (EPA + DHA) | ||||
| Eurycoma Longifolia | ||||
| Fish Liver oil | ||||
| Fish Oil | ||||
| Ginkgo | ||||
| Ginsenosides | ||||
| Gotu Kola | ||||
| Green Tea | ||||
| Guarana | ||||
| Guayusa | ||||
| Lion's Mane | ||||
| Huperzine | ||||
| Krill Oil | ||||
| KSM-66 | ||||
| Lemon balm | ||||
| Lithium | ||||
| Lithium Aspartate | ||||
| Longvida | ||||
| Magnesium | ||||
| Magnesium Aspartate | ||||
| Magnesium Chloride | ||||
| Magnesium Citrate | ||||
| Magnesium Creatine | ||||
| Magnesium Gluconate | ||||
| Magnesium Glycinate | ||||
| Magnesium hydroxide | ||||
| Magnesium L-Threonate | ||||
| Magnesium Oxide | ||||
| Meriva | ||||
| Mushrooms | ||||
| Nicotinamide Riboside | ||||
| Omega-3 | ||||
| Oriental Ginseng (Panax ginseng) | ||||
| Oroxylum | ||||
| Phosphatidylcholine | ||||
| Phosphatidylserine | ||||
| Phospholipid | ||||
| Pregnenolone | ||||
| PQQ | ||||
| Rhodiola | ||||
| Rosemary | ||||
| Sabroxy | ||||
| Sage | ||||
| Sensoril | ||||
| Shoden | ||||
| Spermidine | ||||
| Synapsa | ||||
| Synephrine | ||||
| Theanine | ||||
| Theobromine | ||||
| Theracurmin | ||||
| L-Tyrosine |
Selected evidence
Acetyl L-Carnitine × Better attention and focus
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Algal Oil (Schizochytrium) × Better general memory
Probably doesn't help, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 11,843
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Algal Oil (Schizochytrium) × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 239
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Algal Oil (Schizochytrium) × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 3,108
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Alpha-GPC × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Alpha-GPC × Better attention and focus
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.43Source evidence
Selected evidence
Alpha-GPC × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 68
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 32
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) × Faster thinking speed
May help a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 32
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 19
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 27
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine Alpha Ketoglutarate × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 19
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine Alpha Ketoglutarate × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 27
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine aspartate × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 19
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine aspartate × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 27
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine silicate × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 19
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine silicate × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 27
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine silicate inositol × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 19
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Arginine silicate inositol × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 27
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Better attention and focus
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 203
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacognize × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 201
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacognize × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacognize × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 168
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacognize × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 184
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BacoMind × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 201
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BacoMind × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BacoMind × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 168
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BacoMind × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 184
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacopa × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 201
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacopa × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacopa × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 168
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacopa × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 184
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Bacosides × Faster thinking speed
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 46
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 213
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 125
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Blueberry × Better general memory
Probably helps a little, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 327
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 127
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Better attention and focus
Probably helps a lot, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 145
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 216
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 53
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chinese Club Moss × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 15
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chinese Club Moss × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 15
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Choline × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 409
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Choline × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 106
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Choline × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 88
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Choline × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 109
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Choline Bitartrate × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 409
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Choline Bitartrate × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 106
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Choline Bitartrate × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 88
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Choline Bitartrate × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 109
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Citicoline × Better general memory
May help a little, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 194
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Citicoline × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 69
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Citicoline × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 107
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Citicoline × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 366
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cocoa / Cacao × Better general memory
Doesn't help, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 3,666
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cocoa / Cacao × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 63
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cocoa / Cacao × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Coffee × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 75
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Coffee × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 186
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Coffee × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 59
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine × Better general memory
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,121
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 128
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine × Stronger planning and self-control
May help a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 126
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine Malate × Better general memory
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,121
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine Malate × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 128
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine Malate × Stronger planning and self-control
May help a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 126
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine nitrate × Better general memory
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,121
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine nitrate × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 128
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine nitrate × Stronger planning and self-control
May help a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 126
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 213
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 125
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
CurcuWIN × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 213
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
CurcuWIN × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
CurcuWIN × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 125
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
DHA × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 807
- GRADE
- High
Source evidence
Selected evidence
DHA × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 377
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
EPA × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 103
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ergothioneine × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 48
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Omega-3 Ethyl Esters (EPA + DHA) × Better general memory
Probably doesn't help, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 11,843
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Omega-3 Ethyl Esters (EPA + DHA) × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 239
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Omega-3 Ethyl Esters (EPA + DHA) × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 3,108
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Eurycoma Longifolia × Better attention and focus
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 64
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Fish Liver oil × Better general memory
Probably doesn't help, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 11,843
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Fish Liver oil × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 239
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Fish Liver oil × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 3,108
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Fish Oil × Better general memory
Probably doesn't help, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 11,843
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Fish Oil × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 239
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Fish Oil × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 3,108
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Ginkgo × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 251
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ginkgo × Better attention and focus
Probably doesn't help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 910
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ginkgo × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 187
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ginkgo × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably doesn't help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 534
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ginsenosides × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 174
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ginsenosides × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 112
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ginsenosides × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 144
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ginsenosides × Stronger planning and self-control
May help a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 149
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Gotu Kola × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 146
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Green Tea × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Green Tea × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 99
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Guarana × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 52
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Guarana × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 25
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Guayusa × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Guayusa × Faster thinking speed
May help, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Guayusa × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 25
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lion's Mane × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 92
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lion's Mane × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 30
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lion's Mane × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 101
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lion's Mane × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 18
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Huperzine × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 15
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Huperzine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 15
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Krill Oil × Better general memory
Probably doesn't help, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 11,843
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Krill Oil × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 239
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Krill Oil × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 3,108
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Better attention and focus
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 203
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon balm × Better general memory
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 51
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon balm × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 51
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lithium × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 50
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lithium Aspartate × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 50
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 213
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 125
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Aspartate × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Chloride × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Citrate × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Creatine × Better general memory
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,121
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Creatine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 128
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Creatine × Stronger planning and self-control
May help a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 126
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Gluconate × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium hydroxide × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium L-Threonate × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 213
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 125
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Mushrooms × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 60
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Mushrooms × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 60
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Mushrooms × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 60
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Nicotinamide Riboside × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 58
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Omega-3 × Better general memory
Probably doesn't help, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 11,843
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Omega-3 × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 239
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Omega-3 × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 3,108
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Oriental Ginseng (Panax ginseng) × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 222
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Oriental Ginseng (Panax ginseng) × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Oriental Ginseng (Panax ginseng) × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 112
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Oriental Ginseng (Panax ginseng) × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 222
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Oroxylum × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 73
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Phosphatidylcholine × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 41
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Phosphatidylserine × Better general memory
May help a little, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 308
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Phosphatidylserine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 120
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Phosphatidylserine × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 120
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Phosphatidylserine × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 36
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Phospholipid × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 176
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Pregnenolone × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 31
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Pregnenolone × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 31
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Pregnenolone × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 31
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
PQQ × Better general memory
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 120
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
PQQ × Better attention and focus
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 99
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
PQQ × Faster thinking speed
May help, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 126
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
PQQ × Stronger planning and self-control
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 58
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Rhodiola × Better attention and focus
May help, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 124
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Rhodiola × Faster thinking speed
Probably helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 222
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Rhodiola × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 45
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Rosemary × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 21
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sabroxy × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 73
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sage × Better general memory
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 111
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sage × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Better attention and focus
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 203
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Better attention and focus
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 203
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Spermidine × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Synapsa × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 201
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Synapsa × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 122
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Synapsa × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 168
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Synapsa × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 184
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Synephrine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 50
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 49
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Faster thinking speed
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 134
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 96
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theobromine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 84
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theobromine × Faster thinking speed
May harm, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 84
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 213
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Stronger planning and self-control
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 125
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tyrosine × Better general memory
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 101
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tyrosine × Better attention and focus
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 134
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tyrosine × Faster thinking speed
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 28
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tyrosine × Stronger planning and self-control
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 48
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Evidence map: Focus & memory
Explore clinical evidence across memory, attention, mental speed, and executive function.
Across 83 ingredients and 4 outcomes, this map shows 190 studied pairs covering 149 distinct clinical trials.
Where cells are blank, the (ingredient, outcome) pair has not been studied — 142 such gaps remain on this map.
Methodology
Each studied pair shows its V2 verdict, GRADE certainty, contributing-trial total, and source evidence. Where an audited standardized effect is available, the receipt shows the estimate and its confidence interval when available. Generated 2026-10-24 from 149 contributing trials.
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Ingredient evidence
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Ingredient evidence
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