Evidence map Updated
Sleep
Explore the clinical evidence across the parts of sleep people most want to change.
37 ingredients · 7 outcomes · 148 trials
Evidence map
Evidence across sleep
Benefit Mixed / early No clear benefit Harm Not studied
Sleep evidence map Fall asleep faster
| Sleep Ingredient | Fall asleep faster | Reduce night awakenings | Improve sleep quality | Sleep longer | Spend more of the night asleep | Reduce daytime sleepiness | Reduce insomnia symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HTP | |||||||
| Ashwagandha | |||||||
| Caffeine | |||||||
| Cannabidiol | |||||||
| Cannabinoids | |||||||
| Chamomile | |||||||
| Coffee | |||||||
| Creatine | |||||||
| Curcumin | |||||||
| English Lavender | |||||||
| GABA | |||||||
| Green Tea | |||||||
| Holy Basil | |||||||
| Iron (unspecified form) | |||||||
| Isoflavones / Phytoestrogens | |||||||
| Jujube | |||||||
| KSM-66 | |||||||
| Lavandula (unspecified) | |||||||
| lemon balm | |||||||
| Magnesium | |||||||
| Magnesium Citrate | |||||||
| Magnesium Glycinate | |||||||
| Magnesium L-Threonate | |||||||
| Magnesium Oxide | |||||||
| Melatonin | |||||||
| Passionflower | |||||||
| Reishi mushroom | |||||||
| Schisandra | |||||||
| Sensoril | |||||||
| Shoden | |||||||
| Sour Cherry | |||||||
| Spermidine | |||||||
| Tetrahydrocannabinol | |||||||
| Theanine | |||||||
| L-Tryptophan | |||||||
| Turmeric | |||||||
| Valerian |
Selected evidence
5-HTP × Reduce night awakenings
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 32
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.20Source evidence
Selected evidence
5-HTP × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
5-HTP × Sleep longer
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 32
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.27Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Fall asleep faster
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.53Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Reduce night awakenings
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.39Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Improve sleep quality
Helps, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 1,525
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Sleep longer
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.45Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.68Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Fall asleep faster
Preliminary, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 386
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 86
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Sleep longer
Likely harm, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 420
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Caffeine × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Mixed, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 99
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabidiol × Improve sleep quality
Unclear, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabinoids × Fall asleep faster
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 40
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.08Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabinoids × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 5,070
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Cannabinoids × Sleep longer
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 40
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabinoids × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 40
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.28Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabinoids × Reduce insomnia symptoms
No clear effect, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 21,437
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Fall asleep faster
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 91
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.46Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Reduce night awakenings
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 91
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.60Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Improve sleep quality
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.10Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Sleep longer
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.58Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Spend more of the night asleep
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.09Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.27Source evidence
Selected evidence
Coffee × Improve sleep quality
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Coffee × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 166
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.57Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 51
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.79Source evidence
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Fall asleep faster
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 117
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Sleep longer
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 197
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
-0.14Source evidence
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 117
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
English Lavender × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 628
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Fall asleep faster
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 90
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.85Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Reduce night awakenings
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 90
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.62Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 252
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.23Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Sleep longer
Likely no clear effect, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 252
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Spend more of the night asleep
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 40
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.09Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 252
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.24Source evidence
Selected evidence
Green Tea × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 46
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.05Source evidence
Selected evidence
Green Tea × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 46
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.12Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × Reduce night awakenings
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 83
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.10Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 150
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
4.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × Sleep longer
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 83
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.08Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 85
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.16Source evidence
Selected evidence
Iron (unspecified form) × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Isoflavones / Phytoestrogens × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Jujube × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 160
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.03Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Fall asleep faster
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.53Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Reduce night awakenings
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.39Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 596
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Sleep longer
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.45Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 339
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.68Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lavandula (unspecified) × Fall asleep faster
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.65Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lavandula (unspecified) × Reduce night awakenings
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 126
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.14Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lavandula (unspecified) × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 9 trials
- Trials
- 9
- Participants
- 1,564
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Lavandula (unspecified) × Sleep longer
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 144
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lavandula (unspecified) × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 68
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.45Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lavandula (unspecified) × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,869
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.30Source evidence
Selected evidence
lemon balm × Reduce night awakenings
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
lemon balm × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 204
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
lemon balm × Sleep longer
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 60
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.12Source evidence
Selected evidence
lemon balm × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 132
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.73Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Fall asleep faster
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.46Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Reduce night awakenings
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Improve sleep quality
Unclear, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 317
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Sleep longer
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.19Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 153
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.34Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Citrate × Improve sleep quality
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 153
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.32Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 153
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 153
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.31Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium L-Threonate × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.30Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium L-Threonate × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 76
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.34Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Fall asleep faster
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.46Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Reduce night awakenings
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Improve sleep quality
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 64
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.09Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Sleep longer
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.19Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Fall asleep faster
Helps, 23 trials
- Trials
- 23
- Participants
- 3,715
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Reduce night awakenings
Mixed, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 415
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Improve sleep quality
Helps, 28 trials
- Trials
- 28
- Participants
- 6,035
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
- PMID 15914575
- PMID 20712869
- PMID 23129488
- PMID 23691095
- PMID 24718775
- PMID 25862116
- PMID 29347988
- PMID 29912983
- PMID 31982581
- PMID 32302347
- PMID 32457492
- PMID 32782966
- PMID 33681747
- PMID 34567175
- PMID 35170783
- PMID 35185525
- PMID 35246237
- PMID 36104141
- PMID 37098505
- PMID 37881313
- PMID 38355388
- PMID 38816846
- PMID 40304216
- PMID 40387966
- PMID 41421991
- PMID 41627537
- PMID 41693954
- PMID 41727206
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Sleep longer
Likely helps, 25 trials
- Trials
- 25
- Participants
- 3,815
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
- PMID 11696071
- PMID 15914575
- PMID 20712869
- PMID 21120122
- PMID 23129488
- PMID 23432361
- PMID 23691095
- PMID 24718775
- PMID 2496815
- PMID 25614508
- PMID 25678831
- PMID 25862116
- PMID 30710339
- PMID 32457492
- PMID 33189083
- PMID 35388609
- PMID 35436355
- PMID 36827993
- PMID 37098505
- PMID 37457117
- PMID 38764237
- PMID 38816846
- PMID 40387966
- PMID 40559702
- PMID 41647028
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Spend more of the night asleep
Helps, 16 trials
- Trials
- 16
- Participants
- 1,679
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Likely helps, 13 trials
- Trials
- 13
- Participants
- 890
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 279
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Fall asleep faster
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.44Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Reduce night awakenings
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.57Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Improve sleep quality
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.88Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Sleep longer
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Spend more of the night asleep
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.48Source evidence
Selected evidence
Reishi mushroom × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 48
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.45Source evidence
Selected evidence
Schisandra × Improve sleep quality
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Fall asleep faster
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.53Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Reduce night awakenings
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.39Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 203
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.28Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Sleep longer
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.45Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.68Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Fall asleep faster
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.53Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Reduce night awakenings
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.39Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 203
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.28Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Sleep longer
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.45Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Spend more of the night asleep
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.68Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × Fall asleep faster
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 114
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.06Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × Reduce night awakenings
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 35
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.13Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × Improve sleep quality
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 108
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.04Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 68
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Spermidine × Improve sleep quality
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Tetrahydrocannabinol × Improve sleep quality
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 2,471
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Fall asleep faster
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 60
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.50Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 272
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.53Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 212
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.36Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tryptophan × Reduce night awakenings
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 196
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.21Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tryptophan × Improve sleep quality
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 220
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.69Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tryptophan × Spend more of the night asleep
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 196
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.19Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tryptophan × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.54Source evidence
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Fall asleep faster
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 117
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Sleep longer
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 197
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
-0.14Source evidence
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Reduce insomnia symptoms
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 117
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × Fall asleep faster
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 477
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × Reduce night awakenings
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 405
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.24Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × Improve sleep quality
Helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 2,709
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Valerian × Sleep longer
Helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 477
- GRADE
- High
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.90Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × Spend more of the night asleep
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 72
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.26Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × Reduce daytime sleepiness
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 72
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.82Source evidence
Evidence map: Sleep
Explore the clinical evidence across the parts of sleep people most want to change.
Across 37 ingredients and 7 outcomes, this map shows 129 studied pairs covering 148 distinct clinical trials.
Where cells are blank, the (ingredient, outcome) pair has not been studied — 130 such gaps remain on this map.
Methodology
Each studied pair shows its V2 verdict, GRADE certainty, contributing-trial total, and source evidence. Where an audited standardized effect is available, the receipt shows the estimate and its confidence interval when available. Generated 2026-07-30 from 148 contributing trials.
Related
Explore the evidence behind Sleep
Ingredient evidence
Ingredient evidence
New5-HTP
All scored outcomes
Aug 27, 2026
Evidence guide
5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)
NewSeeds, Sleep, and Serotonin: How a West African vine met modern science
Evidence guide
Apr 3, 2026
Evidence map
Stress
NewStress: evidence map across 46 supplements
Evidence coverage map
Jul 30, 2026
Ingredient evidence
Ingredient evidence
NewAshwagandha
All scored outcomes
Aug 27, 2026
Evidence guide
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
NewSmell of a Horse, Calm in a Storm: Ashwagandha's ancient promise meets modern stress
Evidence guide
Mar 10, 2026
Ranking
Deep, Restful Sleep
NewBest Supplements for Deep, Restful Sleep (2026)
Evidence ranking
Mar 29, 2026