Evidence map Updated
Sleep
Explore the clinical evidence across the parts of sleep people most want to change.
52 ingredients · 5 outcomes · 116 trials
Evidence map
Evidence across sleep
Benefit Mixed / early No clear benefit Harm Not studied
Sleep evidence map Less time to fall asleep
| Sleep Ingredient | Less time to fall asleep | More uninterrupted sleep | Better sleep quality | More hours of sleep | Fewer insomnia symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-HTP | |||||
| Affron | |||||
| Apocynum venetum | |||||
| Ashwagandha | |||||
| Black Cohosh | |||||
| Cannabidiol | |||||
| Cannabinoids | |||||
| Cannabis / Marijuana | |||||
| Chamomile | |||||
| Creatine | |||||
| Creatine Malate | |||||
| Creatine nitrate | |||||
| English Lavender | |||||
| GABA | |||||
| Lion's Mane | |||||
| Holy Basil | |||||
| Hops | |||||
| Jujube | |||||
| Kavalactone | |||||
| KSM-66 | |||||
| Lemon balm | |||||
| Lemon Verbena | |||||
| Magnesium | |||||
| Magnesium Aspartate | |||||
| Magnesium Chloride | |||||
| Magnesium Citrate | |||||
| Magnesium Creatine | |||||
| Magnesium Gluconate | |||||
| Magnesium Glycinate | |||||
| Magnesium hydroxide | |||||
| Magnesium L-Threonate | |||||
| Magnesium Oxide | |||||
| Magnolia | |||||
| Melatonin | |||||
| Ornithine | |||||
| Passionflower | |||||
| Red Clover | |||||
| Reishi mushroom | |||||
| Saffron | |||||
| Satiereal | |||||
| Schisandra | |||||
| Sensoril | |||||
| Serine | |||||
| Shoden | |||||
| Skullcap | |||||
| Sour Cherry | |||||
| Tetrahydrocannabinol | |||||
| Theanine | |||||
| L-Tryptophan | |||||
| Valerian | |||||
| Vitamin D | |||||
| Vitamin D3 |
Selected evidence
5-HTP × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
5-HTP × Better sleep quality
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 50
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
5-HTP × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 29
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Affron × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 288
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Affron × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 111
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Affron × Better sleep quality
Helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 460
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Affron × More hours of sleep
May not help, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 243
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Affron × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 268
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Apocynum venetum × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 106
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Apocynum venetum × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 106
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Apocynum venetum × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 106
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Less time to fall asleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × More uninterrupted sleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 725
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Ashwagandha × More hours of sleep
Probably helps a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Black Cohosh × Fewer insomnia symptoms
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 180
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabidiol × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 69
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabinoids × Better sleep quality
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 3,291
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabinoids × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 940
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cannabis / Marijuana × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 45
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 57
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chamomile × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 91
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine × Better sleep quality
May help, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine Malate × Better sleep quality
May help, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Creatine nitrate × Better sleep quality
May help, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
English Lavender × Better sleep quality
May barely help, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 382
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
English Lavender × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,869
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Less time to fall asleep
Probably helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 60
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × More uninterrupted sleep
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 54
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Better sleep quality
May not help, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 180
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 40
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
GABA × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 40
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lion's Mane × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 30
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × Better sleep quality
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 150
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Holy Basil × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 100
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Hops × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 17
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Hops × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 17
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Hops × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 17
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Jujube × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 170
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Kavalactone × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 15
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Less time to fall asleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × More uninterrupted sleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 725
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
KSM-66 × More hours of sleep
Probably helps a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon balm × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 30
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon balm × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 164
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon balm × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 30
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon balm × Fewer insomnia symptoms
May barely help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 30
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon Verbena × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 71
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon Verbena × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 71
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon Verbena × Better sleep quality
May barely help, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 111
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Lemon Verbena × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 71
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Aspartate × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Aspartate × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Aspartate × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium Aspartate × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Aspartate × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Chloride × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Chloride × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Chloride × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium Chloride × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Chloride × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Citrate × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Citrate × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Citrate × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium Citrate × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Citrate × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Creatine × Better sleep quality
May help, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Gluconate × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Gluconate × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Gluconate × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium Gluconate × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Gluconate × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Glycinate × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium hydroxide × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium hydroxide × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium hydroxide × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium hydroxide × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium hydroxide × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium L-Threonate × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 326
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium L-Threonate × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 43
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Better sleep quality
Probably barely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 856
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × More hours of sleep
May not help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 55
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnesium Oxide × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 229
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Magnolia × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 112
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Less time to fall asleep
Helps a little, 13 trials
- Trials
- 13
- Participants
- 2,801
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Melatonin × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 9 trials
- Trials
- 9
- Participants
- 546
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Better sleep quality
Barely helps, 16 trials
- Trials
- 16
- Participants
- 3,436
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Melatonin × More hours of sleep
Probably barely helps, 18 trials
- Trials
- 18
- Participants
- 2,996
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Melatonin × Fewer insomnia symptoms
May help a little, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 376
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Ornithine × Better sleep quality
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 52
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ornithine × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 63
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ornithine × Fewer insomnia symptoms
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 52
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Less time to fall asleep
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × More uninterrupted sleep
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × More hours of sleep
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Passionflower × Fewer insomnia symptoms
May help a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Red Clover × Better sleep quality
Probably helps a lot, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 109
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Reishi mushroom × Fewer insomnia symptoms
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 48
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Saffron × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 288
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Saffron × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 111
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Saffron × Better sleep quality
Helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 460
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Saffron × More hours of sleep
May not help, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 243
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Saffron × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 268
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Satiereal × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 288
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Satiereal × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 111
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Satiereal × Better sleep quality
Helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 460
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Satiereal × More hours of sleep
May not help, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 243
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Satiereal × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 268
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Schisandra × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Less time to fall asleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × More uninterrupted sleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sensoril × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 725
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Sensoril × More hours of sleep
Probably helps a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Serine × Less time to fall asleep
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Serine × More uninterrupted sleep
May help a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Serine × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 45
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Serine × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 168
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Serine × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 106
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Less time to fall asleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × More uninterrupted sleep
Probably helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Shoden × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 725
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Shoden × More hours of sleep
Probably helps a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 281
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Skullcap × Less time to fall asleep
May help a lot, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 66
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Skullcap × Better sleep quality
May help a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 66
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Skullcap × More hours of sleep
May help, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 66
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 67
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × More uninterrupted sleep
Probably helps a lot, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 27
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 172
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × More hours of sleep
May not help, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 151
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Sour Cherry × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 71
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Tetrahydrocannabinol × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Tetrahydrocannabinol × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Tetrahydrocannabinol × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Tetrahydrocannabinol × More hours of sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Tetrahydrocannabinol × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Less time to fall asleep
May help, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 39
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 213
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × Better sleep quality
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 30
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theanine × More hours of sleep
May harm a little, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 145
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tryptophan × More uninterrupted sleep
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 98
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tryptophan × Better sleep quality
May help, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 216
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
L-Tryptophan × Fewer insomnia symptoms
Unclear if it helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 80
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × Less time to fall asleep
Unclear if it helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 493
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × More uninterrupted sleep
Probably helps a little, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 477
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × Better sleep quality
Probably helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 1,176
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Valerian × More hours of sleep
Probably barely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 477
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Vitamin D × Better sleep quality
Probably helps a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 223
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Vitamin D3 × Better sleep quality
Probably helps a little, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 223
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Evidence map: Sleep
Explore the clinical evidence across the parts of sleep people most want to change.
Across 52 ingredients and 5 outcomes, this map shows 166 studied pairs covering 116 distinct clinical trials.
Where cells are blank, the (ingredient, outcome) pair has not been studied — 94 such gaps remain on this map.
Methodology
Each studied pair shows its V2 verdict, GRADE certainty, contributing-trial total, and source evidence. Where an audited standardized effect is available, the receipt shows the estimate and its confidence interval when available. Generated 2026-10-24 from 116 contributing trials.
Related
Explore the evidence behind Sleep
Ingredient evidence
Ingredient evidence
New5-HTP
All scored outcomes
Aug 27, 2026
Evidence guide
5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)
NewSeeds, Sleep, and Serotonin: How a West African vine met modern science
Evidence guide
Apr 3, 2026
Evidence map
Stress
NewStress: evidence map across 69 supplements
Evidence coverage map
Jul 30, 2026
Evidence map
Metabolic health
NewMetabolic health: evidence map across 135 supplements
Evidence coverage map
Jul 30, 2026
Ingredient evidence
Ingredient evidence
Newaffron
All scored outcomes
Aug 27, 2026
Ingredient evidence
Ingredient evidence
NewApocynum venetum
All scored outcomes
Aug 27, 2026