Evidence map
Updated
Metabolic health
Explore clinical evidence across blood sugar, insulin response, blood lipids, and body weight.
Ingredients
82
Outcomes
7
Trials
518
Evidence map
Evidence across metabolic health
Benefit Mixed / early No clear benefit Harm Not studied
Metabolic health evidence map Lower fasting blood sugar
| Metabolic health Ingredient | Lower fasting blood sugar | Lower your HbA1c | Improve blood sugar control | Reduce insulin resistance | Lower fasting insulin | Lower triglycerides | Lose body weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aged Garlic Extract | |||||||
| Allicin | |||||||
| Aloe | |||||||
| Aloe vera | |||||||
| Alpha Lipoic Acid | |||||||
| Artichoke | |||||||
| Asian Psyllium | |||||||
| Barberry (Berberis spp.) | |||||||
| BCM-95 | |||||||
| Berberine | |||||||
| bilberry | |||||||
| Black Garlic | |||||||
| Black Seed | |||||||
| Carnitine | |||||||
| chicory | |||||||
| Chitosan | |||||||
| Chlorella | |||||||
| Chlorogenic Acid | |||||||
| Chokeberry | |||||||
| Chromium | |||||||
| Cinnamon | |||||||
| Coffee | |||||||
| Curcumin | |||||||
| DHA | |||||||
| DHEA | |||||||
| EGCG | |||||||
| EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) | |||||||
| epicatechin | |||||||
| Epigallocatechin | |||||||
| Eurycoma Longifolia | |||||||
| Fatty acids | |||||||
| Fenugreek | |||||||
| Fish Oil | |||||||
| Flax | |||||||
| Flaxseed Oil | |||||||
| Garcinia | |||||||
| Garlic | |||||||
| Glucomannan | |||||||
| Glucose | |||||||
| Green Coffee | |||||||
| Green Tea | |||||||
| Guggul | |||||||
| Gymnema | |||||||
| Hesperidin | |||||||
| Inositol | |||||||
| IP-6 | |||||||
| Isoflavones / Phytoestrogens | |||||||
| Ketogenic Diet | |||||||
| Krill | |||||||
| Krill Oil | |||||||
| Longvida | |||||||
| Maritime pine / Pycnogenol | |||||||
| Meriva | |||||||
| Milk Protein | |||||||
| Momordica | |||||||
| Monacolin | |||||||
| Moringa | |||||||
| Mulberry (unspecified) | |||||||
| Niacin (vitamin B3) | |||||||
| Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide | |||||||
| Nicotinamide Riboside | |||||||
| Omega-3 | |||||||
| Phyllanthus (unspecified) | |||||||
| Phytosterols | |||||||
| Pinitol | |||||||
| Piperine | |||||||
| Pterostilbene | |||||||
| Quercetin | |||||||
| Red Yeast Rice | |||||||
| Resistant Starch | |||||||
| Resveratrol | |||||||
| Sesamin | |||||||
| Soy Protein | |||||||
| Spirulina | |||||||
| Synephrine | |||||||
| Theracurmin | |||||||
| Trigonelline | |||||||
| Turmeric | |||||||
| Ursolic Acid | |||||||
| Vitamin B1 | |||||||
| Whey Protein | |||||||
| Zinc |
Selected evidence
Aged Garlic Extract × Lower fasting blood sugar
Helps, 9 trials
- Trials
- 9
- Participants
- 2,352
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Aged Garlic Extract × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,665
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.31Source evidence
Selected evidence
Aged Garlic Extract × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 166
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.42Source evidence
Selected evidence
Aged Garlic Extract × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 166
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.34Source evidence
Selected evidence
Aged Garlic Extract × Lower triglycerides
Helps, 15 trials
- Trials
- 15
- Participants
- 6,312
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Aged Garlic Extract × Lose body weight
Helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 411
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Allicin × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 457
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
4.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Allicin × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 300
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
4.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Allicin × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 32
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.05Source evidence
Selected evidence
Allicin × Lower fasting insulin
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 32
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.13Source evidence
Selected evidence
Allicin × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 393
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.12Source evidence
Selected evidence
Allicin × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 227
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Aloe × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Aloe × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 47
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.67Source evidence
Selected evidence
Aloe vera × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 328
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.13Source evidence
Selected evidence
Alpha Lipoic Acid × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 12 trials
- Trials
- 12
- Participants
- 1,732
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Alpha Lipoic Acid × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 1,023
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Alpha Lipoic Acid × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 432
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Artichoke × Lose body weight
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 60
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.15Source evidence
Selected evidence
Asian Psyllium × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 1,088
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Asian Psyllium × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 140
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Barberry (Berberis spp.) × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 42
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
3.54Source evidence
Selected evidence
Barberry (Berberis spp.) × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 42
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.04Source evidence
Selected evidence
Barberry (Berberis spp.) × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 42
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
4.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Barberry (Berberis spp.) × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 42
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.40Source evidence
Selected evidence
Barberry (Berberis spp.) × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 126
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.31Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.71Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.72Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.34Source evidence
Selected evidence
BCM-95 × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 1,029
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.12Source evidence
Selected evidence
Berberine × Lower fasting blood sugar
Helps, 15 trials
- Trials
- 15
- Participants
- 14,927
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Berberine × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 10,648
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Berberine × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 3,866
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Berberine × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 3,867
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Berberine × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 18 trials
- Trials
- 18
- Participants
- 12,115
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Berberine × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 9 trials
- Trials
- 9
- Participants
- 2,482
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
bilberry × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 104
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.17Source evidence
Selected evidence
Black Garlic × Lower triglycerides
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 62
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.20Source evidence
Selected evidence
Black Seed × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 685
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Carnitine × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 2,492
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
chicory × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
chicory × Lose body weight
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chitosan × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 3,249
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Chlorella × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 32
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.49Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chlorella × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 421
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Chlorogenic Acid × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 104
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.06Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chlorogenic Acid × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 48
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.01Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chlorogenic Acid × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 48
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chlorogenic Acid × Lower fasting insulin
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chlorogenic Acid × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 104
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.26Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chlorogenic Acid × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 207
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chokeberry × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 57
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.35Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chokeberry × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chokeberry × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chokeberry × Lose body weight
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Chromium × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 3,754
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Chromium × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 1,341
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Chromium × Reduce insulin resistance
Likely helps, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 9,730
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Chromium × Lower fasting insulin
Likely helps, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 4,063
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Chromium × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 4,376
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Chromium × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 1,992
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.17Source evidence
Selected evidence
Cinnamon × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 18 trials
- Trials
- 18
- Participants
- 5,714
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Cinnamon × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 14 trials
- Trials
- 14
- Participants
- 5,249
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Cinnamon × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 1,655
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Cinnamon × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 1,159
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Cinnamon × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 17 trials
- Trials
- 17
- Participants
- 5,232
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Coffee × Lose body weight
Unclear, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 112
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.13Source evidence
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 16 trials
- Trials
- 16
- Participants
- 40,232
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 3,996
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Reduce insulin resistance
Helps, 9 trials
- Trials
- 9
- Participants
- 31,687
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Lower fasting insulin
Likely helps, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 31,174
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 14 trials
- Trials
- 14
- Participants
- 8,389
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Curcumin × Lose body weight
Helps, 9 trials
- Trials
- 9
- Participants
- 2,370
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
DHA × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 42
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.73Source evidence
Selected evidence
DHEA × Lose body weight
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 1,245
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.03Source evidence
Selected evidence
EGCG × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 180
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.55Source evidence
Selected evidence
EGCG × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 199
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
EGCG × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 104
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.65Source evidence
Selected evidence
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 149
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.70Source evidence
Selected evidence
epicatechin × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 38
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.10Source evidence
Selected evidence
Epigallocatechin × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 88
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Epigallocatechin × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 88
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Eurycoma Longifolia × Lose body weight
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Fatty acids × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 42
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.81Source evidence
Selected evidence
Fenugreek × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 13 trials
- Trials
- 13
- Participants
- 3,131
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Fenugreek × Lower your HbA1c
Helps, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 1,649
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Fenugreek × Reduce insulin resistance
Likely helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 243
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Fenugreek × Lower fasting insulin
Likely helps, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 232
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Fenugreek × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 212
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Fish Oil × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 37 trials
- Trials
- 37
- Participants
- 5,880
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
- PMID 11070146
- PMID 12540386
- PMID 12771973
- PMID 19394939
- PMID 19539180
- PMID 19685375
- PMID 21042875
- PMID 21640360
- PMID 22929118
- PMID 23173831
- PMID 25008950
- PMID 25195547
- PMID 25515553
- PMID 26073395
- PMID 26226139
- PMID 26316434
- PMID 26679702
- PMID 26925376
- PMID 27852617
- PMID 27913872
- PMID 28410617
- PMID 28587203
- PMID 30297663
- PMID 30813440
- PMID 31784345
- PMID 32384902
- PMID 33987149
- PMID 34371972
- PMID 35850080
- PMID 37960168
- PMID 38786742
- PMID 39519588
- PMID 39643480
- PMID 39927279
- PMID 41156531
- PMID 41559698
- PMID 7759696
Selected evidence
Flax × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 200
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Flax × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Flax × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 91
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.92Source evidence
Selected evidence
Flax × Lower triglycerides
Likely no clear effect, 7 trials
- Trials
- 7
- Participants
- 730
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Flax × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 255
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Flaxseed Oil × Lower triglycerides
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 51
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.49Source evidence
Selected evidence
Garcinia × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Garlic × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 12 trials
- Trials
- 12
- Participants
- 2,949
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Garlic × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 1,965
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Garlic × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 198
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Garlic × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 198
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Garlic × Lower triglycerides
Helps, 18 trials
- Trials
- 18
- Participants
- 6,845
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Garlic × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 638
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Glucomannan × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 498
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.08Source evidence
Selected evidence
Glucomannan × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 84
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.63Source evidence
Selected evidence
Glucomannan × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 238
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Glucose × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 99
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Green Coffee × Lower fasting blood sugar
Helps, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 1,419
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Green Coffee × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 29
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Green Coffee × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 112
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Green Coffee × Lower fasting insulin
Likely helps, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 488
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Green Coffee × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 316
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Green Tea × Lower fasting insulin
Helps, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 584
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Green Tea × Lower triglycerides
Mixed, 12 trials
- Trials
- 12
- Participants
- 4,925
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Green Tea × Lose body weight
Helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 836
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Guggul × Lower triglycerides
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 352
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Gymnema × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Gymnema × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Hesperidin × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely no clear effect, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 1,503
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Hesperidin × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 1,023
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Hesperidin × Lower fasting insulin
No clear effect, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 562
- GRADE
- High
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Inositol × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 14 trials
- Trials
- 14
- Participants
- 34,402
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Inositol × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 30,928
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Inositol × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 31,268
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Inositol × Lose body weight
Helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 2,603
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
IP-6 × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 33
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
2.24Source evidence
Selected evidence
Isoflavones / Phytoestrogens × Lower triglycerides
Likely no clear effect, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ketogenic Diet × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 9 trials
- Trials
- 9
- Participants
- 20
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
2.50Selected evidence
Ketogenic Diet × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.50Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ketogenic Diet × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.15Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ketogenic Diet × Lower fasting insulin
Unclear, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 34
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.14Selected evidence
Ketogenic Diet × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 53
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.42Selected evidence
Ketogenic Diet × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 194
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Krill × Lower triglycerides
Likely no clear effect, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 868
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Krill Oil × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 520
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.25Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 6 trials
- Trials
- 6
- Participants
- 242
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Longvida × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 111
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.19Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 162
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 162
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 162
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Longvida × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 1,052
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Maritime pine / Pycnogenol × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Very low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.71Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.72Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.34Source evidence
Selected evidence
Meriva × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 1,233
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Milk Protein × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 1,851
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Milk Protein × Lower fasting insulin
No clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 1,851
- GRADE
- High
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Momordica × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 719
- GRADE
- Very low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.12Source evidence
Selected evidence
Momordica × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 662
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Momordica × Lose body weight
Likely no clear effect, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 414
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Monacolin × Lower triglycerides
Helps, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 862
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Moringa × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 324
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Moringa × Lower your HbA1c
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 239
- GRADE
- Very low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Moringa × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 65
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.16Source evidence
Selected evidence
Mulberry (unspecified) × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Niacin (vitamin B3) × Reduce insulin resistance
May harm, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 857
- GRADE
- High
Weighted-median standardized effect
-0.10Source evidence
Selected evidence
Niacin (vitamin B3) × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 157,605
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely harm, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 3,980
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
-0.27Source evidence
Selected evidence
Nicotinamide Riboside × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 24
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.01Source evidence
Selected evidence
Omega-3 × Lower triglycerides
Helps, 32 trials
- Trials
- 32
- Participants
- 115,724
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
- PMID 23817470
- PMID 23835245
- PMID 24507770
- PMID 25852206
- PMID 26048287
- PMID 26431431
- PMID 26829184
- PMID 27565734
- PMID 28112774
- PMID 29067086
- PMID 29580250
- PMID 30521670
- PMID 31043161
- PMID 32823643
- PMID 33933009
- PMID 34257675
- PMID 34588776
- PMID 34989797
- PMID 35147302
- PMID 36522805
- PMID 36641259
- PMID 36765362
- PMID 37264945
- PMID 37630826
- PMID 38001474
- PMID 38201926
- PMID 39064656
- PMID 40463990
- PMID 40676659
- PMID 41235304
- PMID 41373925
- PMID 41523650
Selected evidence
Phyllanthus (unspecified) × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Phytosterols × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 28 trials
- Trials
- 28
- Participants
- 4,511
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
- PMID 17419879
- PMID 18320185
- PMID 19843338
- PMID 20808333
- PMID 22087585
- PMID 22252793
- PMID 23786762
- PMID 24887013
- PMID 25099071
- PMID 25809853
- PMID 25861469
- PMID 26998355
- PMID 27539156
- PMID 27611192
- PMID 28117400
- PMID 29021813
- PMID 29206136
- PMID 29535869
- PMID 29795368
- PMID 31043161
- PMID 32455866
- PMID 32785036
- PMID 32823643
- PMID 35397367
- PMID 37960208
- PMID 38750162
- PMID 39408337
- PMID 40672367
Selected evidence
Pinitol × Reduce insulin resistance
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 30
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.09Source evidence
Selected evidence
Piperine × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 68
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.68Source evidence
Selected evidence
Piperine × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 68
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.37Source evidence
Selected evidence
Pterostilbene × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 18
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.48Source evidence
Selected evidence
Quercetin × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 82
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.46Source evidence
Selected evidence
Quercetin × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 106
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
1.62Source evidence
Selected evidence
Quercetin × Lower triglycerides
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Quercetin × Lose body weight
No clear effect, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 683
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Red Yeast Rice × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 11 trials
- Trials
- 11
- Participants
- 21,822
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resistant Starch × Lower fasting blood sugar
Helps, 12 trials
- Trials
- 12
- Participants
- 3,816
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resistant Starch × Improve blood sugar control
Preliminary, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 88
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.62Source evidence
Selected evidence
Resistant Starch × Reduce insulin resistance
Likely helps, 12 trials
- Trials
- 12
- Participants
- 2,316
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resistant Starch × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 8 trials
- Trials
- 8
- Participants
- 1,290
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resveratrol × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 19 trials
- Trials
- 19
- Participants
- 7,610
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resveratrol × Reduce insulin resistance
Helps, 15 trials
- Trials
- 15
- Participants
- 3,068
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resveratrol × Lower fasting insulin
Helps, 15 trials
- Trials
- 15
- Participants
- 5,947
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resveratrol × Lower triglycerides
Helps, 20 trials
- Trials
- 20
- Participants
- 9,722
- GRADE
- High
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Resveratrol × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 12 trials
- Trials
- 12
- Participants
- 10,625
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Sesamin × Lower triglycerides
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 212
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Soy Protein × Lower triglycerides
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 376
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.09Source evidence
Selected evidence
Soy Protein × Lose body weight
Likely no clear effect, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Moderate
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Spirulina × Lose body weight
Preliminary, 12 trials
- Trials
- 12
- Participants
- 673
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Synephrine × Lose body weight
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- Participants
- 94
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.02Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Lower fasting blood sugar
Preliminary, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.56Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Lower your HbA1c
Unclear, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Reduce insulin resistance
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.71Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Lower fasting insulin
Preliminary, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.72Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Lower triglycerides
Preliminary, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 139
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.34Source evidence
Selected evidence
Theracurmin × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 1,029
- GRADE
- Low
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.12Source evidence
Selected evidence
Trigonelline × Lower fasting insulin
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 22 trials
- Trials
- 22
- Participants
- 40,474
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Lower your HbA1c
Helps, 15 trials
- Trials
- 15
- Participants
- 4,107
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Reduce insulin resistance
Helps, 13 trials
- Trials
- 13
- Participants
- 31,849
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Lower fasting insulin
Likely helps, 10 trials
- Trials
- 10
- Participants
- 31,336
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Lower triglycerides
Likely helps, 17 trials
- Trials
- 17
- Participants
- 8,511
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Turmeric × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 14 trials
- Trials
- 14
- Participants
- 3,626
- GRADE
- Low
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Ursolic Acid × Lower fasting blood sugar
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Ursolic Acid × Lower fasting insulin
Unclear, 1 trial
- Trials
- 1
- GRADE
- Low
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Vitamin B1 × Lower your HbA1c
Likely no clear effect, 2 trials
- Trials
- 2
- Participants
- 244
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.00Source evidence
Selected evidence
Whey Protein × Lose body weight
Likely helps, 13 trials
- Trials
- 13
- Participants
- 1,541
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Zinc × Lower fasting blood sugar
Likely helps, 5 trials
- Trials
- 5
- Participants
- 1,035
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Selected evidence
Zinc × Lower your HbA1c
Likely helps, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 995
- GRADE
- Moderate
Weighted-median standardized effect
0.09Source evidence
Selected evidence
Zinc × Reduce insulin resistance
Likely helps, 4 trials
- Trials
- 4
- Participants
- 1,035
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Selected evidence
Zinc × Lower fasting insulin
Likely no clear effect, 3 trials
- Trials
- 3
- Participants
- 969
- GRADE
- Moderate
Random-effects standardized effect
Source evidence
Evidence map: Metabolic health
Explore clinical evidence across blood sugar, insulin response, blood lipids, and body weight.
Across 82 ingredients and 7 outcomes, this map shows 211 studied pairs covering 518 distinct clinical trials.
Where cells are blank, the (ingredient, outcome) pair has not been studied — 363 such gaps remain on this map.
Methodology
Each studied pair shows its V2 verdict, GRADE certainty, contributing-trial total, and source evidence. Where an audited standardized effect is available, the receipt shows the estimate and its confidence interval when available. Generated 2026-07-30 from 518 contributing trials.
Related
Explore the evidence behind Metabolic health
Evidence guide
Aloe Vera
NewThe Leaf That Heals—and Warns: Aloe Vera's Journey from Temple Walls to Clinical Trials
Evidence guide
Apr 15, 2026
Ingredient evidence
Ingredient evidence
NewAlpha Lipoic Acid
All scored outcomes
May 11, 2026
Evidence guide
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)
NewFrom Liver Scraps to Nerve Endings: The Surprising, Complicated Journey of Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Evidence guide
Apr 21, 2026
Ranking
Peripheral Neuropathy
NewBest Supplements to Ease Neuropathy Pain and Numbness (2026)
Evidence ranking
Apr 4, 2026
Ranking
Healthy Brain Aging
NewBest Supplements to Protect Brain Tissue as You Age (2026)
Evidence ranking
May 18, 2026
Evidence map
Peripheral Neuropathy
NewPeripheral Neuropathy: evidence map across 8 supplements
Evidence coverage map
Jul 30, 2026