Selenium

Selenium

Best for

Calm thyroid autoimmune activity

Likely strong benefit · 50–1000 mcg/day for 8–52 weeks · 4 meta-analyses , n=5.1k

58 papers · 9 claims · 120 outcomes scored · 6 positive

Evidence summary

Evidence summary

Likely strong benefit

Selenium shows a likely strong benefit for calming autoimmune thyroid activity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, with additional benefit for sperm quality, while other uses remain weaker.

  • Across 9 studies (n=5,146), selenium lowered thyroid autoantibody levels, a change consistent with meaningful improvement in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.2
  • Male infertility trials also report improved sperm quality, but thyroid autoimmunity is the clearest signal across the evidence base.3
  • Useful doses sit close to the upper intake limit, so excess selenium can become a real safety issue.1

Outcomes

What selenium actually does, by outcome

Each row is one outcome with effect size, evidence base, the dose that worked in trials, and time to first effect. Magnitude tiers come from native-unit MCID where available, Cohen's d otherwise.

Calm thyroid autoimmune activity Likely strong benefit

Reduces the antibodies that attack thyroid tissue in Hashimoto's.

9 meta-analyses n=5.1k 50–1000 mcg 8–52 wk #1/3
Reduce oxidative cell damage Large effect, needs confirmation

Less oxidative damage to your cell membranes, proteins, and DNA.

11 meta-analyses n=2.3k 60–400 mcg 8–52 wk #2/30
Build key mineral stores Large effect, needs confirmation

Essential mineral blood levels rise into optimal range, confirming absorption.

11 meta-analyses n=706 0.054–500 mg 3–39 wk #2/5
Strengthen sperm count and motility Proven benefit

Raises count, movement, and normal shape in your semen analysis.

2 meta-analyses n=2.2k 100–200 mcg 19–22 wk #1/6
Improve thyroid hormone balance Likely modest benefit

Keeps the gland that controls your metabolism producing at the right level.

7 meta-analyses n=4.7k 80–1000 mcg 5–52 wk #1/3
Lower prostate cancer risk Not enough research

Fewer diagnoses, slower precancerous changes, steadier PSA.

4 meta-analyses n=37k 200–400 mcg 156–284 wk #4/5
Ease low thyroid symptoms Probably doesn't help

Reduces cold intolerance, fatigue, and brain fog from underactive thyroid.

1 meta-analysis n=679 80–200 mcg
Protect thyroid function in pregnancy Faint negative signal

Keeps your thyroid stable when pregnancy doubles its workload.

1 RCT n=31 60 mcg
Lower non-melanoma skin cancer risk Not enough research

Repairs sun-damaged skin cells before they turn precancerous.

1 meta-analysis n=—

Forms & standardisation

The best-studied forms are selenium yeast and L-selenomethionine. Those are the labels to look for if you want to match the thyroid and fertility trials, because those studies used those forms most often.123 Sodium selenite also appears in research, but the strongest consumer-facing evidence clusters around yeast or selenomethionine.14

Risk profile

Adverse events and known drug interactions

Safety events

grade 3 or 4 adverse events severe
ovarian torsion requiring right oophorectomy severe
prostate cancer diagnosis severe
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (serious adverse event) severe
Diagnosis of bowel cancer (serious adverse event) severe
Pulmonary embolus due to metastatic bowel cancer (serious adverse event) severe
nausea moderate
elevated PSA moderate

Drug interactions

Epirubicin major increases effect
Lipid Modifying Agents major increases toxicity
5-Fluorouracil moderate increases effect
Gemcitabine moderate increases effect
Cisplatin moderate increases effect
Paclitaxel moderate increases effect
Simvastatin moderate decreases effect
Roxadustat moderate decreases concentration
Lithium minor decreases effect
Lipid Modifying Agents minor unknown

Frequently asked

Common questions

Is selenium good for Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Yes, this is selenium's strongest use case. Daily selenium lowers thyroid antibodies in many trials, with the clearest signals showing up after about 8 to 26 weeks.2

How much selenium should I take?

Most trial protocols land at 100–200 mcg/day. Keep total intake under 400 mcg/day from food and supplements combined.12

Does selenium improve sperm quality?

Yes, the fertility data points in that direction. Studies used 100–200 mcg/day for about 19 weeks and reported better sperm count and motility.3

What form of selenium is best?

Selenomethionine and selenium yeast have the best human trial coverage. If a label only says "selenium" without the form, you know less about how closely it matches the research.123

Track selenium in the app

Log doses, check interactions, compare it to alternatives — all backed by the same evidence base.

One email when we launch. No spam, no selling.

Want personalized recommendations?

Show me what works for me